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前端自动化测试工具doh学习总结(一)
阅读量:421 次
发布时间:2019-03-06

本文共 5351 字,大约阅读时间需要 17 分钟。

前言

项目中需要用到前端自动化测试,自己被当作一个探针研究了下目前用的比较多的Web自动化测试工具。一开始研究的是Selenium,但由于项目使用了大量的Dijit控件,写起TestCase来很费劲;最主要的是Selenium有严重的浏览器兼容性问题,于是彻底放弃,改投Doh门下,毕竟是Dojo他爸爸开发的跟Dojo继承起来非常方便。这几篇主要介绍Doh、Doh/Robot以及将Doh与Selenium结合进而与CI工具集成起来。

一、DOH 是什么

DOH 是 Dojo Objective Harness 的简称,是 Dojo 在 0.9 版本之后新增的单元测试工具。随着 Javascript 代码的数量和复杂度的增加,Web 前端开发者也需要一个 Javascript 代码的单元测试框架来保证自己写出来的 Javascript 代码是健壮的。所以,DOH 是 Web 前端开发者对 JUnit 的回应。DOH有如下特点:

  • 提供用户界面:JUnit中的红条测试失败、绿条测试通过,大家都已经很熟悉了,DOH也有类似的用户界面,用户在测试时更加一目了然;
  • 平台无关:DOH并不依赖某种浏览器平台,甚至不依赖于浏览器;用户可以根据自己的需要在命令行进行Javascript的自动化单元测试;
  • 支持Ajax:Ajax编程在Web前端开发中是必不可少的一环,DOH最有价值的一个特性就是支持Ajax的测试;
  • 不只适合与于Dojo,可用于任何JavaScript程序的单元测试。
  • 下载dojo源码包,解压后可以看到以下目录:

    二、DOH第一次亲密接触

    部署到服务器后,我们访问runner.html。与JUnit类似,DOH也为我们提供了一个类似的界面,左侧表示运行的测试案例,右侧是测试日志,最上方的进度条表示的是本次运行中的已执行案例,同样绿色表示成功,红色表示失败。默认情况下会加载“dojo/tests/module.js”文件,该文件的作用就是像runner.html中加载dojo所有核心模块的测试案例。

    如果想要单独加载某一模块的测试案例,需要用到test参数指向该模块:

    http://

    /util/doh/runner.html?test=dojo/tests/fx

    我们可以吧测试案例放到自己的项目目录下,通过test参数指向自定义测试模块,这时需要用到paths参数:

     util/doh/runner.html?paths=org/myorg,../../../mycode/org/myorg&test=org/myorg/mymodule/tests/alltests

    paths参数中逗号前后的值相当于dojoConfig定义packages对象时的name和location。

    同样在path中我们可以定义多个模块, 模块之间用“;”分隔开来:

    util/doh/runner.html?paths=org/myorg,../../../mycode/org/myorg;com/mycom,../../../x/com/mycom&test=com/mycom/tests

    doh中测试模块要么是一个用来请求多个测试文件的文件,要么是一个使用doh.register方法注册时测试案例,或者两者皆有。

    define([ "my/test/widget/Foo0", "my/test/widget/Foo1", "my/test/widget/Foo2"]);

    或者:

    define(["doh/runner"], function(doh){ doh.register("MyTests", [ function assertTrueTest(){ doh.assertTrue(true); doh.assertTrue(1); doh.assertTrue(!false); }, { name: "thingerTest", setUp: function(){ this.thingerToTest = new Thinger(); this.thingerToTest.doStuffToInit(); }, runTest: function(){ doh.assertEqual("blah", this.thingerToTest.blahProp); doh.assertFalse(this.thingerToTest.falseProp); // ... }, tearDown: function(){ } }, // ... ]);});

    三、测试用例

    doh为我们提供了以下断言函数:
    doh.assertTrue(boolean)Note: This function is aliased to doh.t();doh.assertFalse(boolean)Note: This function is aliased to doh.f();doh.assertEqual(obj1, obj2)Note: This function is aliased to doh.is();doh.assertNotEqual(obj1, obj2)Note: This function is aliased to doh.isNot();

    Junit中,编写一个测试用例我们需要继承Junit类,同样在doh中也有自己的规则来将一段代码,包装成doh可识别的测试案例。

    doh中主要提供了以下方法(最常用的就是doh.register):

    doh.register(...)An almost 'magical' function. The doh.register() method accepts the function signatures of any of the other registration functions and determines the correct underlying function (listed below) to dispatch registration to. It's the function you'll most commonly use for registering Unit Tests. doh.registerTest(group, testFuncOrObj)This function registers a test as a member of the group 'group', and the test can either be a simple function definition or a 'Test Fixture', which is an object that defines the run requirements of the test. doh.registerTests(group, testFuncOrObjArr)This function registers an array of tests as a member of the group 'group'. The contents of the array of tests can be an array of simple test functions or an array of 'test fixtures', or a mix of them. doh.registerTestNs(group, obj)This function registers an object comprised of functions as a member of the group 'group'. Note that this function will only add in non-private (functions without an _ at the beginning of the name), as a test function. If you'd like to use fixtures (setUp(), tearDown(), and runTest()), please use doh.register(), doh.registerTest() or doh.registerTests(). doh.registerTestUrl(url)This function registers a URL as a location to load tests from. The URL is used to populate the contents of an iframe, and usually refers to an HTML page that boot-loads D.O.H. internally for running tests in a segmented iframe. A good example showing this is the dojo/tests/fx.html. It loads dojo, doh, and then on dojo load completion calls doh.registerTests(). The D.O.H. instance in the iframe will proxy back the results of the test run to the primary D.O.H. instance。

    fx.html文件中定义了一系列TestCase。

    doh中有两种测试结构:

  • Simple Tests 将一个单独的函数放到doh.register参数testCase数组里
    同步形式:
    function mySimpleTest(doh){ doh.assertTrue(true);}
  • 异步形式:

    function mySimpleAsyncTest(doh){ var deferred = new doh.Deferred(); setTimeout(deferred.getTestCallback(function(){ doh.assertTrue(true); }), 100); return deferred; }

    1. Test Fixture
      同步形式:
      { name: "thingerTest", setUp: function(){ // Setup to do before runTest. this.thingerToTest = new Thinger(); this.thingerToTest.doStuffToInit(); }, runTest: function(){ // Our test function to run. doh.assertEqual("blah", this.thingerToTest.blahProp); doh.assertFalse(this.thingerToTest.falseProp); // ... }, tearDown: function(){ // cleanup to do after runTest. }, timeout: 3000 // 3 second timeout.}
    2. 异步形式:

      { name: "thingerTest", setUp: function(){ // Setup to do before runTest. this.thingerToTest = new Thinger(); this.thingerToTest.doStuffToInit(); }, runTest: function(){ // Our test function to run. var deferred = new doh.Deferred(); setTimeout(deferred.getTestCallback(function(){ doh.assertEqual("blah", this.thingerToTest.blahProp); doh.assertFalse(this.thingerToTest.falseProp); }), 100); return deferred; }, tearDown: function(){ // cleanup to do after runTest. }, timeout: 3000 // 3 second timeout.}

      参考资料:

      http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/dojo-unit-test-DOH/
      http://tech.ddvip.com/2010-04/1271148731150772_2.html

    转载地址:http://uhyuz.baihongyu.com/

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